Net official development assistance received (constant 2023 US$), per square kilometre by country
Net official development assistance received (constant 2023 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
What the numbers show
Net official development assistance received (constant 2023 US$), per square kilometre is currently reported for 168 countries. The highest value is 2.28 million constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre in Tuvalu; the lowest is -97,095 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre in Bermuda.
The median across all reporting countries is 4,466 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre, and the mean is 53,105 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 23.
Over the past decade 105 countries rose and 63 fell. The largest increase was in Saint Kitts and Nevis (up 873,786.0%), and the largest decrease in Bermuda (down 2,590.8%).
Net official development assistance … Net square kilometre 2023: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tuvalu | 2.28 million constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 171.7% | volatile |
| 2 | Nauru | 1.88 million constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 42.4% | volatile |
| 3 | Marshall Islands | 700,711 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 13.2% | rising |
| 4 | Maldives | 672,846 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 870.4% | volatile |
| 5 | Palestine | 601,472 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 26.9% | rising |
| 6 | Israel | 184,615 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1996 | down 12.6% | volatile |
| 7 | Tonga | 179,929 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.0% | volatile |
| 8 | Micronesia (country) | 179,724 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 26.3% | rising |
| 9 | Lebanon | 170,782 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 170.4% | volatile |
| 10 | French Polynesia | 143,633 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1999 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 11 | Kiribati | 121,388 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 64.7% | volatile |
| 12 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 118,680 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2013 | up 873,786.0% | volatile |
| 13 | Grenada | 113,219 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 195.2% | volatile |
| 14 | Bahrain | 101,061 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2004 | down 47.1% | volatile |
| 15 | Sao Tome and Principe | 90,458 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 58.2% | volatile |
| 16 | Comoros | 89,388 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 104.7% | rising |
| 17 | Dominica | 70,182 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 165.4% | volatile |
| 18 | Ukraine | 67,199 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4,553.2% | volatile |
| 19 | Palau | 62,577 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.3% | volatile |
| 20 | Saint Lucia | 58,770 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 39.5% | volatile |
| 21 | Malta | 58,748 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2002 | up 194.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Rwanda | 56,236 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 21.1% | volatile |
| 23 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 54,574 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 145.3% | volatile |
| 24 | Syria | 50,135 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 169.7% | volatile |
| 25 | Mauritius | 47,502 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 34.8% | volatile |
| 26 | Bangladesh | 43,729 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 114.4% | rising |
| 27 | Samoa | 42,148 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.6% | volatile |
| 28 | Haiti | 39,102 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 29 | Barbados | 37,317 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2010 | up 390.2% | volatile |
| 30 | Seychelles | 36,475 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2017 | up 151.6% | volatile |
| 31 | Gambia | 33,978 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 200.9% | volatile |
| 32 | Moldova | 31,928 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 177.3% | volatile |
| 33 | Jordan | 31,919 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.4% | volatile |
| 34 | New Caledonia | 25,758 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1999 | down 6.2% | rising |
| 35 | Cape Verde | 25,238 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 59.8% | rising |
| 36 | Burundi | 24,208 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 7.9% | volatile |
| 37 | El Salvador | 24,074 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 171.0% | volatile |
| 38 | British Virgin Islands | 23,280 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1999 | down 66.7% | volatile |
| 39 | Singapore | 19,990 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1995 | down 78.8% | volatile |
| 40 | Malawi | 18,366 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 45.8% | volatile |
| 41 | East Timor | 17,480 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3.6% | volatile |
| 42 | Macao | 17,475 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1999 | down 26.7% | volatile |
| 43 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 17,338 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2007 | up 182.5% | volatile |
| 44 | North Macedonia | 16,434 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 102.5% | rising |
| 45 | Dominican Republic | 13,764 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 321.5% | volatile |
| 46 | Sri Lanka | 13,373 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 117.6% | volatile |
| 47 | Hong Kong | 13,328 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1996 | down 71.7% | volatile |
| 48 | Antigua and Barbuda | 13,312 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2021 | down 49.7% | volatile |
| 49 | Albania | 13,162 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 29.6% | rising |
| 50 | Vanuatu | 12,310 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 78.9% | volatile |
| 51 | Togo | 11,317 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 171.1% | volatile |
| 52 | Uganda | 11,254 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 23.2% | volatile |
| 53 | Fiji | 10,410 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 119.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Senegal | 9,659 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 77.0% | rising |
| 55 | Djibouti | 9,593 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 47.5% | rising |
| 56 | Benin | 9,178 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 52.4% | volatile |
| 57 | Cambodia | 8,958 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 100.0% | volatile |
| 58 | Solomon Islands | 8,705 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.8% | volatile |
| 59 | Nepal | 8,184 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.6% | volatile |
| 60 | Jamaica | 7,979 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 8.8% | volatile |
| 61 | Tunisia | 7,891 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 68.3% | rising |
| 62 | Yemen | 7,854 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 271.4% | volatile |
| 63 | Cote d'Ivoire | 7,473 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 74.9% | volatile |
| 64 | Armenia | 7,275 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 30.4% | flat |
| 65 | Ghana | 6,909 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.6% | volatile |
| 66 | Sierra Leone | 6,897 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 9.1% | volatile |
| 67 | Serbia | 6,876 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 23.6% | volatile |
| 68 | Montenegro | 6,867 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 21.4% | rising |
| 69 | Guinea-Bissau | 6,718 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 72.9% | rising |
| 70 | Eswatini | 6,420 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.3% | rising |
| 71 | Philippines | 6,180 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 493.1% | volatile |
| 72 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 6,010 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 41.8% | volatile |
| 73 | Liberia | 5,841 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 1.7% | volatile |
| 74 | Lesotho | 5,676 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 53.8% | rising |
| 75 | Panama | 5,530 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 3,366.6% | volatile |
| 76 | Georgia | 5,256 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 47.0% | rising |
| 77 | Burkina Faso | 5,250 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.6% | volatile |
| 78 | Pakistan | 5,142 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 69.1% | flat |
| 79 | Honduras | 4,922 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 17.0% | volatile |
| 80 | Nicaragua | 4,834 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 15.5% | volatile |
| 81 | Ethiopia | 4,787 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 30.6% | rising |
| 82 | Afghanistan | 4,692 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 44.0% | volatile |
| 83 | Iraq | 4,624 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.3% | volatile |
| 84 | Kenya | 4,469 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 28.1% | volatile |
| 85 | Slovenia | 4,464 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2002 | up 667.8% | volatile |
| 86 | Guatemala | 4,172 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.3% | volatile |
| 87 | Bhutan | 4,112 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 16.5% | volatile |
| 88 | Gibraltar | 4,082 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1999 | down 95.1% | volatile |
| 89 | Nigeria | 3,949 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 31.5% | volatile |
| 90 | Tajikistan | 3,824 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 33.4% | volatile |
| 91 | Cyprus | 3,804 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1996 | down 57.0% | volatile |
| 92 | Mozambique | 3,723 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 19.7% | volatile |
| 93 | Somalia | 3,636 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 113.5% | volatile |
| 94 | Tanzania | 3,451 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 15.6% | volatile |
| 95 | Croatia | 2,850 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2010 | up 41.2% | rising |
| 96 | South Sudan | 2,835 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 97 | Costa Rica | 2,832 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 304.5% | volatile |
| 98 | Uzbekistan | 2,723 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 292.4% | volatile |
| 99 | Vietnam | 2,652 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 78.5% | volatile |
| 100 | Kyrgyzstan | 2,297 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 13.0% | rising |
| 101 | Ecuador | 2,233 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 243.6% | rising |
| 102 | Laos | 2,231 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 24.9% | rising |
| 103 | Guinea | 2,164 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 14.6% | volatile |
| 104 | Madagascar | 2,155 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 146.3% | volatile |
| 105 | Zimbabwe | 2,046 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 9.5% | volatile |
| 106 | Turkey | 2,014 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 46.8% | volatile |
| 107 | Cameroon | 1,989 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.8% | volatile |
| 108 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 1,918 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 61.1% | volatile |
| 109 | Zambia | 1,913 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 17.3% | volatile |
| 110 | Myanmar | 1,748 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 65.9% | volatile |
| 111 | Morocco | 1,729 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 62.7% | volatile |
| 112 | Cuba | 1,610 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 65.6% | volatile |
| 113 | Papua New Guinea | 1,526 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.8% | falling |
| 114 | Azerbaijan | 1,491 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 239.9% | volatile |
| 115 | Belize | 1,397 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 42.6% | falling |
| 116 | South Africa | 1,242 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 5.4% | rising |
| 117 | Central African Republic | 1,184 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 252.5% | volatile |
| 118 | Congo | 1,105 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 146.3% | volatile |
| 119 | Eritrea | 1,066 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 55.6% | volatile |
| 120 | Mali | 1,059 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 10.5% | volatile |
| 121 | Niger | 1,013 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 56.2% | volatile |
| 122 | Trinidad and Tobago | 965.34 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2010 | up 190.6% | volatile |
| 123 | Colombia | 929.53 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 10.8% | volatile |
| 124 | Chad | 903.71 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 130.1% | volatile |
| 125 | India | 799.33 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.0% | volatile |
| 126 | Sudan | 744.14 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 18.4% | volatile |
| 127 | Bolivia | 705.62 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 6.5% | volatile |
| 128 | Guyana | 662.07 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 22.3% | volatile |
| 129 | Bahamas | 634.1 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1995 | up 222.1% | volatile |
| 130 | Indonesia | 610.33 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 352.7% | volatile |
| 131 | Belarus | 565.33 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 0.0% | volatile |
| 132 | Paraguay | 564.86 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 59.8% | rising |
| 133 | Brunei | 538.94 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1995 | down 2.9% | volatile |
| 134 | Botswana | 502.15 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 123.5% | volatile |
| 135 | Egypt | 482.26 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 91.4% | volatile |
| 136 | Venezuela | 459.49 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 909.0% | volatile |
| 137 | Peru | 458.02 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.3% | rising |
| 138 | Equatorial Guinea | 415.81 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 159.2% | volatile |
| 139 | Mauritania | 407 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.3% | volatile |
| 140 | Northern Mariana Islands | 377.46 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1999 | down 99.5% | volatile |
| 141 | Qatar | 362.9 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1995 | down 14.4% | volatile |
| 142 | Namibia | 329.94 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 12.6% | rising |
| 143 | Kuwait | 289.51 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1995 | down 58.4% | volatile |
| 144 | Uruguay | 272.33 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2017 | up 24.3% | volatile |
| 145 | Suriname | 271.17 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 40.7% | volatile |
| 146 | Mexico | 232.34 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 29.0% | volatile |
| 147 | Gabon | 206.27 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.5% | volatile |
| 148 | Libya | 204.41 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 176.1% | volatile |
| 149 | Mongolia | 166.94 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 38.1% | volatile |
| 150 | Thailand | 166.31 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 8.7% | volatile |
| 151 | Iran | 148.38 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 84.3% | volatile |
| 152 | North Korea | 119.79 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 85.9% | volatile |
| 153 | Angola | 118.05 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 51.8% | volatile |
| 154 | Chile | 107.7 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2017 | down 27.8% | volatile |
| 155 | Argentina | 94.65 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 591.2% | volatile |
| 156 | Algeria | 84.94 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 2.8% | volatile |
| 157 | Brazil | 83.75 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 32.3% | volatile |
| 158 | Turkmenistan | 77.36 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 4.6% | falling |
| 159 | United Arab Emirates | 73.09 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1995 | down 50.7% | volatile |
| 160 | Kazakhstan | 29.29 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | down 11.7% | volatile |
| 161 | Oman | 25.45 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2010 | down 92.9% | volatile |
| 162 | Malaysia | 20.02 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 109.0% | volatile |
| 163 | China | -28.46 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2023 | up 43.0% | volatile |
| 164 | Saudi Arabia | -52.77 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 2007 | down 2,331.0% | volatile |
| 165 | South Korea | -559.91 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1999 | down 199.3% | volatile |
| 166 | Cayman Islands | -10,989 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1996 | down 160.8% | volatile |
| 167 | Aruba | -71,167 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1999 | down 124.1% | volatile |
| 168 | Bermuda | -97,095 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre | 1996 | down 2,590.8% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Pacific island small states 24,012 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Euro area 35.45 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Other small states 8,923 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- European Union 32.01 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 7,957 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Small states 6,168 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 5,043 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA only 3,510 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income) 3,491 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA total 3,397 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Low & middle income 3,230 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- South Asia 3,184 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Lower middle income 3,138 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Low income 3,039 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA blend 2,930 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (IDA & IBRD) 2,880 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Least developed countries 2,833 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Arab World 2,827 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 2,778 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 2,713 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa 2,713 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) 2,416 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Pre-demographic dividend 2,372 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Africa Eastern and Southern 2,218 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 2,137 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Africa Western and Central 2,003 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- World 2,000 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Early-demographic dividend 1,886 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Middle income 1,874 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Europe & Central Asia 1,714 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Caribbean Small States 1,560 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Upper middle income 1,293 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- IDA & IBRD total 1,285 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 671.16 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 572.72 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 538 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & Caribbean 536.11 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- IBRD only 530.15 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 459.07 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
- East Asia & Pacific 439.26 constant 2023 US$ per square kilometre
How this figure is calculated
Net official development assistance received (constant 2023 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.
Net official development assistance received (constant 2023 US$) ÷ Land area (sq. km)
Computed from
- Net official development assistance received Development Assistance Committee, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- Land area FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
Net official development assistance received (constant 2023 US$) divided by Land area (sq. km), matched on country and year. Neither publisher issues this ratio as a series; it is computed here from both.