School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) by country
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
What the numbers show
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) is currently reported for 194 countries. The highest value is 1.18 GPI in Senegal; the lowest is 0.5371 GPI in Somalia.
The median across all reporting countries is 1 GPI, and the mean is 0.9887 GPI.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2.
Over the past decade 119 countries rose and 65 fell. The largest increase was in Yemen (up 25.9%), and the largest decrease in Angola (down 23.1%).
School enrollment, primary … primary, secondary, gross, GPI: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Senegal | 1.18 GPI | 2021 | up 12.0% | rising |
| 2 | Gambia | 1.15 GPI | 2021 | up 15.2% | rising |
| 3 | Bangladesh | 1.14 GPI | 2021 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 4 | French Polynesia | 1.09 GPI | 1993 | — | flat |
| 5 | Suriname | 1.09 GPI | 2021 | down 4.2% | rising |
| 6 | Belgium | 1.08 GPI | 2020 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 7 | Kiribati | 1.07 GPI | 2008 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 8 | Sweden | 1.07 GPI | 2020 | up 7.8% | flat |
| 9 | Mauritania | 1.07 GPI | 2020 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 10 | Honduras | 1.07 GPI | 2012 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 11 | Tunisia | 1.07 GPI | 2016 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 12 | Libya | 1.06 GPI | 2006 | — | rising |
| 13 | Bhutan | 1.06 GPI | 2018 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 14 | Burundi | 1.06 GPI | 2020 | up 12.6% | rising |
| 15 | Seychelles | 1.06 GPI | 2021 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 16 | Finland | 1.06 GPI | 2020 | up 3.2% | flat |
| 17 | Palestine | 1.05 GPI | 2021 | down 0.4% | rising |
| 18 | Mexico | 1.05 GPI | 2020 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 19 | Uruguay | 1.05 GPI | 2020 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 20 | Tonga | 1.05 GPI | 2020 | up 3.1% | flat |
| 21 | Costa Rica | 1.05 GPI | 2020 | up 4.4% | flat |
| 22 | Samoa | 1.05 GPI | 2016 | down 1.4% | flat |
| 23 | Kuwait | 1.05 GPI | 2015 | down 1.9% | rising |
| 24 | Bermuda | 1.05 GPI | 2015 | down 3.8% | rising |
| 25 | Puerto Rico | 1.05 GPI | 2013 | — | flat |
| 26 | Lesotho | 1.04 GPI | 2019 | down 1.4% | falling |
| 27 | Tanzania | 1.04 GPI | 2021 | up 6.7% | rising |
| 28 | Burkina Faso | 1.04 GPI | 2021 | up 16.9% | rising |
| 29 | Ireland | 1.04 GPI | 2020 | up 1.8% | flat |
| 30 | Sao Tome and Principe | 1.04 GPI | 2017 | up 3.5% | rising |
| 31 | Malaysia | 1.04 GPI | 2020 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 32 | Croatia | 1.04 GPI | 2020 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 33 | Palau | 1.04 GPI | 2020 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 34 | Mauritius | 1.04 GPI | 2021 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 35 | Bahrain | 1.04 GPI | 2019 | up 3.9% | rising |
| 36 | Cambodia | 1.04 GPI | 2021 | up 13.4% | rising |
| 37 | Nicaragua | 1.04 GPI | 2010 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 38 | East Timor | 1.03 GPI | 2020 | up 7.6% | rising |
| 39 | Jamaica | 1.03 GPI | 2007 | up 2.5% | flat |
| 40 | Iran | 1.03 GPI | 2020 | up 8.0% | rising |
| 41 | New Zealand | 1.03 GPI | 2020 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 42 | Thailand | 1.03 GPI | 2022 | up 0.0% | rising |
| 43 | Philippines | 1.03 GPI | 2021 | up 0.8% | flat |
| 44 | Albania | 1.03 GPI | 2021 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 45 | Vanuatu | 1.03 GPI | 2020 | up 4.2% | rising |
| 46 | Argentina | 1.02 GPI | 2020 | down 1.1% | flat |
| 47 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 1.02 GPI | 2021 | — | flat |
| 48 | Sri Lanka | 1.02 GPI | 2018 | up 2.7% | flat |
| 49 | Estonia | 1.02 GPI | 2020 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 50 | Rwanda | 1.02 GPI | 2021 | down 0.3% | rising |
| 51 | Ecuador | 1.02 GPI | 2020 | up 0.1% | rising |
| 52 | Comoros | 1.02 GPI | 2018 | up 20.6% | rising |
| 53 | Micronesia (country) | 1.02 GPI | 2005 | — | rising |
| 54 | Botswana | 1.02 GPI | 2021 | up 0.7% | falling |
| 55 | Dominican Republic | 1.02 GPI | 2021 | up 3.3% | falling |
| 56 | Aruba | 1.02 GPI | 2012 | up 3.3% | flat |
| 57 | Armenia | 1.02 GPI | 2021 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 58 | Spain | 1.02 GPI | 2020 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 59 | Venezuela | 1.02 GPI | 2017 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 60 | Hong Kong | 1.02 GPI | 2021 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 61 | Madagascar | 1.02 GPI | 2019 | up 5.3% | rising |
| 62 | Brunei | 1.02 GPI | 2020 | up 1.8% | flat |
| 63 | Fiji | 1.02 GPI | 2021 | down 1.9% | rising |
| 64 | Gabon | 1.02 GPI | 2019 | — | rising |
| 65 | Paraguay | 1.02 GPI | 2012 | up 2.7% | rising |
| 66 | Montenegro | 1.01 GPI | 2021 | down 0.7% | flat |
| 67 | Israel | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 68 | Namibia | 1.01 GPI | 2007 | down 0.3% | flat |
| 69 | Serbia | 1.01 GPI | 2021 | down 0.4% | flat |
| 70 | United Kingdom | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 71 | Ghana | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | up 6.6% | rising |
| 72 | Marshall Islands | 1.01 GPI | 2021 | up 0.3% | flat |
| 73 | British Virgin Islands | 1.01 GPI | 2017 | down 2.2% | falling |
| 74 | China | 1.01 GPI | 2021 | up 1.9% | rising |
| 75 | Panama | 1.01 GPI | 2021 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 76 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1.01 GPI | 2004 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 77 | Myanmar | 1.01 GPI | 2018 | up 2.0% | rising |
| 78 | United Arab Emirates | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | — | flat |
| 79 | South Africa | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 80 | Netherlands | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | up 1.7% | flat |
| 81 | Tuvalu | 1.01 GPI | 2021 | down 4.3% | flat |
| 82 | Slovenia | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | up 1.1% | flat |
| 83 | Czechia | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 84 | Colombia | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | down 3.2% | flat |
| 85 | Slovak Republic | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 86 | Brazil | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | down 3.6% | flat |
| 87 | Nauru | 1.01 GPI | 2019 | down 1.5% | flat |
| 88 | Saint Lucia | 1.01 GPI | 2020 | down 0.6% | falling |
| 89 | Sierra Leone | 1.01 GPI | 2017 | up 11.7% | rising |
| 90 | Georgia | 1.01 GPI | 2021 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 91 | Cape Verde | 1.01 GPI | 2019 | down 3.1% | flat |
| 92 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1.01 GPI | 2018 | down 0.5% | falling |
| 93 | Malta | 1 GPI | 2020 | up 7.4% | rising |
| 94 | Grenada | 1 GPI | 2018 | up 8.0% | flat |
| 95 | Uganda | 1 GPI | 2017 | up 4.5% | rising |
| 96 | Japan | 1 GPI | 2019 | down 0.2% | flat |
| 97 | Latvia | 1 GPI | 2020 | up 1.9% | flat |
| 98 | Canada | 1 GPI | 2020 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 99 | Cuba | 1 GPI | 2021 | up 1.3% | flat |
| 100 | Jordan | 1 GPI | 2021 | down 0.2% | rising |
| 101 | Kyrgyzstan | 1 GPI | 2021 | up 0.2% | flat |
| 102 | Egypt | 1 GPI | 2019 | up 2.5% | rising |
| 103 | Kazakhstan | 0.9998 GPI | 2020 | down 0.5% | flat |
| 104 | Romania | 0.9994 GPI | 2020 | up 1.1% | flat |
| 105 | Gibraltar | 0.9986 GPI | 2021 | down 0.6% | falling |
| 106 | Barbados | 0.9985 GPI | 2021 | down 1.9% | flat |
| 107 | Mongolia | 0.9983 GPI | 2021 | down 2.5% | flat |
| 108 | Portugal | 0.9973 GPI | 2020 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 109 | France | 0.997 GPI | 2020 | down 0.4% | falling |
| 110 | Denmark | 0.9969 GPI | 2020 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 111 | Qatar | 0.9966 GPI | 2010 | down 3.6% | falling |
| 112 | Korea | 0.9964 GPI | 2020 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 113 | Singapore | 0.996 GPI | 2020 | — | flat |
| 114 | Ukraine | 0.9959 GPI | 2014 | up 0.4% | falling |
| 115 | Guyana | 0.995 GPI | 2012 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 116 | Algeria | 0.9949 GPI | 2011 | up 2.1% | rising |
| 117 | Guatemala | 0.9942 GPI | 2021 | up 2.8% | rising |
| 118 | Bolivia | 0.9942 GPI | 2020 | down 0.1% | rising |
| 119 | Uzbekistan | 0.994 GPI | 2021 | up 0.5% | flat |
| 120 | Azerbaijan | 0.9939 GPI | 2021 | — | flat |
| 121 | Indonesia | 0.9934 GPI | 2018 | up 0.9% | rising |
| 122 | Belarus | 0.9928 GPI | 2021 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 123 | Luxembourg | 0.9926 GPI | 2020 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 124 | Maldives | 0.9919 GPI | 2019 | down 3.4% | flat |
| 125 | North Macedonia | 0.9919 GPI | 2020 | up 1.6% | flat |
| 126 | India | 0.9916 GPI | 2021 | down 0.7% | rising |
| 127 | Italy | 0.9904 GPI | 2020 | up 0.0% | flat |
| 128 | Hungary | 0.9899 GPI | 2020 | up 0.1% | flat |
| 129 | Moldova | 0.9899 GPI | 2021 | down 1.7% | flat |
| 130 | Saudi Arabia | 0.9889 GPI | 2021 | up 6.2% | rising |
| 131 | Belize | 0.9888 GPI | 2021 | down 0.9% | flat |
| 132 | Liberia | 0.9887 GPI | 2020 | up 11.9% | rising |
| 133 | Malawi | 0.9885 GPI | 2019 | up 1.0% | rising |
| 134 | Cayman Islands | 0.988 GPI | 2018 | down 2.1% | falling |
| 135 | United States | 0.9868 GPI | 2020 | down 1.0% | flat |
| 136 | Macao | 0.9863 GPI | 2021 | up 1.6% | falling |
| 137 | Austria | 0.9859 GPI | 2020 | up 1.8% | rising |
| 138 | Iceland | 0.985 GPI | 2020 | down 2.6% | rising |
| 139 | Bulgaria | 0.9837 GPI | 2020 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 140 | Lithuania | 0.9837 GPI | 2020 | down 0.1% | flat |
| 141 | Syria | 0.9823 GPI | 2013 | up 3.7% | rising |
| 142 | Cyprus | 0.9819 GPI | 2020 | down 2.4% | flat |
| 143 | Bahamas | 0.9808 GPI | 2006 | down 2.1% | falling |
| 144 | Poland | 0.9805 GPI | 2020 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 145 | Greece | 0.98 GPI | 2020 | up 1.0% | flat |
| 146 | Russia | 0.9798 GPI | 2019 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 147 | Chile | 0.9793 GPI | 2020 | down 2.1% | flat |
| 148 | Australia | 0.9793 GPI | 2020 | up 5.8% | falling |
| 149 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.9792 GPI | 2018 | up 1.5% | flat |
| 150 | Norway | 0.9771 GPI | 2020 | down 1.6% | flat |
| 151 | Türkiye | 0.9771 GPI | 2020 | up 3.1% | rising |
| 152 | El Salvador | 0.9771 GPI | 2014 | up 0.7% | flat |
| 153 | Solomon Islands | 0.9734 GPI | 2012 | up 8.1% | rising |
| 154 | Djibouti | 0.9729 GPI | 2021 | down 3.6% | rising |
| 155 | Morocco | 0.9712 GPI | 2021 | up 6.3% | rising |
| 156 | Zimbabwe | 0.9701 GPI | 2013 | up 2.3% | rising |
| 157 | Germany | 0.9701 GPI | 2020 | up 0.9% | flat |
| 158 | Dominica | 0.97 GPI | 2021 | down 5.8% | falling |
| 159 | Nigeria | 0.9694 GPI | 2018 | up 11.0% | rising |
| 160 | Switzerland | 0.9685 GPI | 2020 | down 1.3% | flat |
| 161 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.9655 GPI | 2021 | down 2.4% | flat |
| 162 | Laos | 0.963 GPI | 2021 | up 7.7% | rising |
| 163 | Peru | 0.9602 GPI | 2021 | down 4.3% | rising |
| 164 | Oman | 0.96 GPI | 2021 | down 2.6% | rising |
| 165 | Sudan | 0.9573 GPI | 2018 | up 9.2% | rising |
| 166 | Nepal | 0.9544 GPI | 2022 | down 9.3% | rising |
| 167 | Congo | 0.9523 GPI | 2018 | up 4.8% | rising |
| 168 | Kenya | 0.9505 GPI | 2009 | down 1.2% | rising |
| 169 | Eswatini | 0.9417 GPI | 2016 | up 2.4% | flat |
| 170 | Mozambique | 0.9384 GPI | 2020 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 171 | Tajikistan | 0.9317 GPI | 2013 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 172 | Ethiopia | 0.9215 GPI | 2015 | up 17.7% | rising |
| 173 | Cote d'Ivoire | 0.9151 GPI | 2021 | up 17.4% | rising |
| 174 | Togo | 0.9104 GPI | 2021 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 175 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.9068 GPI | 2005 | up 4.4% | rising |
| 176 | Mali | 0.8981 GPI | 2020 | up 11.2% | rising |
| 177 | Benin | 0.8973 GPI | 2021 | up 10.8% | rising |
| 178 | Liechtenstein | 0.8967 GPI | 2020 | up 1.4% | flat |
| 179 | Papua New Guinea | 0.8943 GPI | 2018 | up 5.1% | rising |
| 180 | Cameroon | 0.8897 GPI | 2018 | up 5.6% | rising |
| 181 | Democratic Republic of Congo | 0.8895 GPI | 2015 | up 20.2% | rising |
| 182 | Eritrea | 0.884 GPI | 2019 | up 12.9% | rising |
| 183 | Zambia | 0.8813 GPI | 1988 | up 4.0% | rising |
| 184 | Pakistan | 0.8775 GPI | 2019 | up 5.7% | rising |
| 185 | Niger | 0.8383 GPI | 2017 | up 17.9% | rising |
| 186 | Yemen | 0.8207 GPI | 2016 | up 25.9% | rising |
| 187 | Iraq | 0.8138 GPI | 2007 | up 3.2% | rising |
| 188 | Guinea | 0.8049 GPI | 2019 | up 7.0% | rising |
| 189 | Chad | 0.7524 GPI | 2021 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 190 | Central African Republic | 0.7437 GPI | 2017 | up 6.5% | rising |
| 191 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.6446 GPI | 2000 | up 18.2% | rising |
| 192 | Afghanistan | 0.636 GPI | 2018 | up 8.5% | rising |
| 193 | Angola | 0.6303 GPI | 2011 | down 23.1% | rising |
| 194 | Somalia | 0.5371 GPI | 2007 | — | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Pacific island small states 1.02 GPI
- Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income) 1.02 GPI
- Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.02 GPI
- Latin America & Caribbean 1.02 GPI
- Caribbean Small States 1.02 GPI
- Small states 1.01 GPI
- Late-demographic dividend 1.01 GPI
- Other small states 1.01 GPI
- East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries) 1.01 GPI
- East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income) 1.01 GPI
- East Asia & Pacific 1.01 GPI
- Upper middle income 1.01 GPI
- IBRD only 1 GPI
- OECD members 1 GPI
- European Union 1 GPI
- Early-demographic dividend 1 GPI
- Euro area 0.9994 GPI
- Middle income 0.9982 GPI
- Post-demographic dividend 0.9965 GPI
- High income 0.9964 GPI
- Lower middle income 0.9949 GPI
- Europe & Central Asia 0.9944 GPI
- Central Europe and the Baltics 0.9936 GPI
- South Asia 0.9925 GPI
- South Asia (IDA & IBRD) 0.9925 GPI
- North America 0.9883 GPI
- Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.9866 GPI
- Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) 0.9862 GPI
- World 0.9856 GPI
- IDA & IBRD total 0.9837 GPI
- Low & middle income 0.9836 GPI
- Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan 0.9711 GPI
- IDA only 0.955 GPI
- Arab World 0.9534 GPI
- Least developed countries 0.9477 GPI
- IDA total 0.9464 GPI
- Africa Eastern and Southern 0.944 GPI
- Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income) 0.9409 GPI
- Sub-Saharan Africa 0.9409 GPI
- Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries) 0.9409 GPI
About this data
Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.